- When was it decided there should be four gospels?
- Were gospels removed from the Bible?
- What makes the 4 Gospels Different?
- Is there any evidence for the reliability of the four gospels?
- Early Witnesses to the Four-Gospel Collection
- Primary source materials on Gospels
Citations from the Gospel of Philip
They cite a fictitious Gospel in the name of the holy disciple Philip, as follows. "The Lord revealed to me what the soul must say when it goes up into heaven, and how it must answer each of the powers above: "I have recognized myself" (it says) "and I have collected myself from everywhere, and I have not sown children for the archon, but I have uprooted his roots and collected the scattered members, and I know who you are. For I am" (it says) "one of those above." And so (it says) it is released. But if, (it says) it (sc. the soul) is found to have begotten a son, it is kept down below, until it is able to bring up its own children and draw them up to itself."
(Translation from Greek by S.J Gathercole)
Jesus and the Eyewitnesses
By Richard Bauckham
This new book argues that the four Gospels are closely based on eyewitness testimony of those who knew Jesus.
... more
The Gospel of Judas
by Simon Gathercole
`Judas' is synonymous with `traitor'. But a newly-discovered ancient text of the Gospel of Judas offers a picture of Judas Iscariot radically different from the Church's traditional understanding of him, and maintains that far from being the infamous betrayer, Judas was actually Jesus' trusted friend and the recipient of secret revelation. Simon Gathercole's new book includes a translation of the ancient Egyptian text of the Gospel of Judas and a running commentary, and offers new translations of all the ancient evidence about Judas Iscariot and the Gospel attributed to him... more
The Four Gospels and the One Gospel of Jesus Christ
by Martin Hengel
How could the word, 'gospel', be used both by Paul for a proclamation which seems to include no narrative about the earthly Jesus, and by the author of the Gospel according to Mark and his successors, as a title works, which adopt an essentially narrative form? Why did the church, in forming its canon of scripture, choose to include four different and sometimes contradictory accounts of the life of Jesus, when others, like Tatian and Marcion, opted for a harmony, for one account? more
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"The New Testament: The Challenge of the Evidence", June 20, Westminister Chapel, London